PARADIVE
Tematyka badań
Nasze badania koncentrują się na makroewolucji, w szczególności na wpływie interakcji biotycznych (np. pasożytnictwo) i abiotycznych (np. klimat) na ewolucję organizmów. Zajmujemy się także metodami ilościowymi w badaniach paleontologicznych i paleobiologicznych. Badamy szeroki zakres skamieniałości, od bezkręgowców morskich do skamieniałości śladowych i przykładów paleopatologii. Aktualnie badamy wpływ ocieplania się klimatu i wymierania na interakcje pasożyt-żywiciel i związane z tym choroby.
Publikacje
2022
Mulvey, Laura PA; Warnock, Rachel CM; De Baets, Kenneth
Where traditional extinction estimates fall flat: using novel cophylogenetic methods to estimate extinction risk in platyhelminths Journal Article
In: Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, vol. 289, no. 1981, pp. 20220432, 2022.
@article{doi:10.1098/rspb.2022.0432,
title = {Where traditional extinction estimates fall flat: using novel cophylogenetic methods to estimate extinction risk in platyhelminths},
author = {Laura PA Mulvey and Rachel CM Warnock and De Baets, Kenneth},
url = {https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/abs/10.1098/rspb.2022.0432},
doi = {10.1098/rspb.2022.0432},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-08-31},
urldate = {2022-08-31},
journal = {Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences},
volume = {289},
number = {1981},
pages = {20220432},
abstract = {Today parasites comprise a huge proportion of living biodiversity and play a major role in shaping community structure. Given their ecological significance, parasite extinctions could result in massive cascading effects across ecosystems. It is therefore crucial that we have a way of estimating their extinction risk. Attempts to do this have often relied on information about host extinction risk, without explicitly incorporating information about the parasites. However, assuming an identical risk may be misleading. Here, we apply a novel metric to estimate the cophylogenetic extinction rate, Ec, of parasites with their hosts. This metric incorporates information about the evolutionary history of parasites and hosts that can be estimated using event-based cophylogenetic methods. To explore this metric, we investigated the use of different cophylogenetic methods to inform the Ec rate, based on the analysis of polystome parasites and their anuran hosts. We show using both parsimony- and model-based approaches that different methods can have a large effect on extinction risk estimation. Further, we demonstrate that model-based approaches offer greater potential to provide insights into cophylogenetic history and extinction risk.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Today parasites comprise a huge proportion of living biodiversity and play a major role in shaping community structure. Given their ecological significance, parasite extinctions could result in massive cascading effects across ecosystems. It is therefore crucial that we have a way of estimating their extinction risk. Attempts to do this have often relied on information about host extinction risk, without explicitly incorporating information about the parasites. However, assuming an identical risk may be misleading. Here, we apply a novel metric to estimate the cophylogenetic extinction rate, Ec, of parasites with their hosts. This metric incorporates information about the evolutionary history of parasites and hosts that can be estimated using event-based cophylogenetic methods. To explore this metric, we investigated the use of different cophylogenetic methods to inform the Ec rate, based on the analysis of polystome parasites and their anuran hosts. We show using both parsimony- and model-based approaches that different methods can have a large effect on extinction risk estimation. Further, we demonstrate that model-based approaches offer greater potential to provide insights into cophylogenetic history and extinction risk.
Okamura, Beth; Gruhl, Alexander; De Baets, Kenneth
Evolutionary Transitions of Parasites between Freshwater and Marine Environments Journal Article
In: Integrative and Comparative Biology, vol. 62, no. 2, pp. 345–356, 2022, ISSN: 1540-7063.
@article{deBaets2022,
title = {Evolutionary Transitions of Parasites between Freshwater and Marine Environments},
author = {Beth Okamura and Alexander Gruhl and Kenneth De Baets},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/icb/icac050},
doi = {10.1093/icb/icac050},
issn = {1540-7063},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-08-02},
journal = {Integrative and Comparative Biology},
volume = {62},
number = {2},
pages = {345–356},
abstract = {Evolutionary transitions of organisms between environments have long fascinated biologists, but attention has been focused almost exclusively on free-living organisms and challenges to achieve such transitions. This bias requires addressing because parasites are a major component of biodiversity. We address this imbalance by focusing on transitions of parasitic animals between marine and freshwater environments. We highlight parasite traits and processes that may influence transition likelihood (e.g., transmission mode, life cycle, host use), and consider mechanisms and directions of transitions. Evidence for transitions in deep time and at present are described, and transitions in our changing world are considered. We propose that environmental transitions may be facilitated for endoparasites because hosts reduce exposure to physiologically challenging environments and argue that adoption of an endoparasitic lifestyle entails an equivalent transitioning process as organisms switch from living in one environment (e.g., freshwater, seawater, or air) to living symbiotically within hosts. Environmental transitions of parasites have repeatedly resulted in novel forms and diversification, contributing to the tree of life. Recognizing the potential processes underlying present-day and future environmental transitions is crucial in view of our changing world and the current biodiversity crisis.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Evolutionary transitions of organisms between environments have long fascinated biologists, but attention has been focused almost exclusively on free-living organisms and challenges to achieve such transitions. This bias requires addressing because parasites are a major component of biodiversity. We address this imbalance by focusing on transitions of parasitic animals between marine and freshwater environments. We highlight parasite traits and processes that may influence transition likelihood (e.g., transmission mode, life cycle, host use), and consider mechanisms and directions of transitions. Evidence for transitions in deep time and at present are described, and transitions in our changing world are considered. We propose that environmental transitions may be facilitated for endoparasites because hosts reduce exposure to physiologically challenging environments and argue that adoption of an endoparasitic lifestyle entails an equivalent transitioning process as organisms switch from living in one environment (e.g., freshwater, seawater, or air) to living symbiotically within hosts. Environmental transitions of parasites have repeatedly resulted in novel forms and diversification, contributing to the tree of life. Recognizing the potential processes underlying present-day and future environmental transitions is crucial in view of our changing world and the current biodiversity crisis.